Blog
Research and engineering notes from the N1 stack.
Introducing Atomics on N1
Atomics lets traders bundle multiple actions into a single transaction. On 01, one atomic call can include up to 10 coordinated place and cancel actions. The system executes them in order and checks validity and risk after each step. If any step fails, the whole transaction is rejected and nothing lands in a partial state. On a live perp orderbook, that means a basket entry, hedge adjustment, or quote refresh can be sent as one instruction set instead of being broken into separate transactions while the book keeps moving.
L1's are not infra (or they shouldn't be)
L1s keep getting the story wrong. They operate like infrastructure companies, charging per transaction like AWS charges per compute cycle, when they're actually financial networks.
Multiple Concurrent Proposers is not a scaling solution
Writing this to address a common misunderstanding. Solana's MCP proposal does not solve scaling. It doesn't even claim to! Yet this misunderstanding persists. MCP solves a fundamentally different problem; crucial, but distinct from horizontal scaling, which is what centralized ledgers with bridging attempt to solve.
Liquidity Convergence Theory
There are only a few blockchains that have truly changed crypto paradigm: Ethereum → Solana → Hyperliquid. And they all have a common thread.
2025 Crypto End-User Report
N1 Presents the 2025 Crypto End-User Report. This survey offers valuable insights into how users engage with cryptocurrency, their investment behaviors, and overall sentiment.
EVM: The Illusion of Progress
Novel architectures to enable concurrency control for ultimately a non-concurrent architecture and workload. Hundreds of millions dollars worth of man-hours, entire lifetimes, massive termsheets, poured into making the EVM fast. All completely wasted.
Two-Chain Thesis
A two-chain system shifts the trade-offs in a way that makes sense. Instead of forcing one network to optimize for everything at once, the system is split into two specialized environments: a Ledger Chain for financial integrity and a Compute Chain for high-performance execution.
We Built the Fastest Rollup on Ethereum, then left
We built the fastest rollup on Ethereum, achieving 100k+ tps, then left Ethereum, here's how and why...
GM, N1
Layer N is now N1.
The Effects of Latency on Market Making
Market making is a crucial aspect of open finance. We explore the tangible effects of latency on market makers’ ability to provide competitive spreads and liquidity on blockchain systems.
The Endgame
Vitalik, in his Endgame article, discusses possible long term futures for the ecosystem, arguing that rollups, in a sense, are execution shards, though with a different set of tradeoffs than native sharding...
N1 Launches Liquidity Program With $20M Commitment From Amber Group
N1 has launched a liquidity program to support decentralized financial applications. Amber Group, a leader in digital asset and wealth management, is the first participant, with a $20 million commitment.
Former Fidelity International Executive Luc Froehlich Joins Layer N Advisory Board
Froehlich brings his expertise in bridging traditional finance with digital assets to Layer N.
Layer N's Nord Engine Achieves 100,000+ TPS on Closed Testnet
Layer N conducted a closed testnet for Nord Engine, it's first trading-optimized rollup engine, and achieved significant throughput benchmarks.
Layer N raises $5M from Peter Thiel's Founders Fund
Layer N raises $5 million in a seed round co-led by Founders Fund, dao5, with participation from other major partners like Amber group, Kraken Ventures, SALT, GSR, and more.
Zero-knowledge Fraud Proofs
When designing a rollup, one key design consideration is how to ensure security and trust while still increasing the scalability of the underlying Layer 1.